Mean scores difference of DASH, WORC, BPI, AHD, shoulder strength and ROM in relation to baseline values for cryotherapy and exercises group
| Outcome measures | Week | Cryotherapy group | Exercises group | Both groups |
| (n=23) | (n=20) | (n=43) | ||
| Mean score difference from baseline | Mean score difference from baseline | Mean score difference from baseline | ||
| (95% CI) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||
| DASH (0–100) | 2 | 11.1 (5.6 to 16.6) | 13.1 (8.2 to 18.0) | 12.0 (8.4 to 15.6) |
| 6 | 15.7 (9.6 to 21.8) | 13.1 (7.6 to 18.5) | 14.5 (10.5 to18.5) | |
| Time effect WORC (0–100) | η2=0.469 | η2=0.636 | η2=0.485 | |
| 2 | 17.3 (9.5 to 25.0) | 24.9 (14.7 to 35.2) | 20.8 | |
| 6 | 25.2 (16.1 to 34.3) | 27.6 (15.9 to 39.3) | 26.3 | |
| Time effect | η2=0.603 | η2=0.583 | η2=0.587 | |
| BPI (0–10) | 2 | 1.1 (0.3 to 1.8) | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9) | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.6) |
| 6 | 1.5 (0.7 to 2.3) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.2) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.0) | |
| Time effect | η2=0.417 | η2=0.579 | η2=20.483 | |
| AHD 0°, cm | 2 | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.0 to 0.0) |
| AHD 45°, cm | 2 | 0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1) |
| AHD 60°, cm | 2 | 0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.0 to 0.1) |
| ABD 0°, strength, kg | 2 | 7.3 (0.27 to 14.4) | 1.6 (−7.6 to 10.9) | 4.7 (−0.8 to 10.2) |
| ER 0°, strength, kg | 2 | 1.4 (−0.2 to 2.9) | 2.6 (1.1 to 4.1) | 2.0 (0.9 to 3.0) |
| ROM flexion, ° | 2 | 0.7 (−3.5 to 4.9) | 2.1 (−3.6 to 7.7) | 1.3 (−2.0 to 4.7) |
| ROM ER 0°, ° | 2 | 0.1 (−3.9 to 4.1) | −1.2 (−6.2 to 3.8) | −0.5 (−3.5 to 2.5) |
| ROM ER 90°, ° | 2 | 4.5 (−2.8, 11.9) | 2.7 (−2.5 to 7.9) | 3.7 (−0.8 to 8.1) |
| ROM IR 90°, ° | 2 | −1.4 (−8.2 to 5.4) | −1.9 (−10.9 to 7.0) | −1.7 (−6.9 to 3.6) |
Data presented as mean (95% CI). Intention-to-treat analyses for DASH, WORC and BPI.
ABD, Abduction; AHD, acromiohumeral distance; BPI, Brief Pain Inventory, short version (0–10, 0=no pain); DASH, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (0–100, 0=no disability); ER, external rotation of the shoulder; IR, internal rotation of the shoulder; ROM, range of motion; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index (0–100, 100=no functional loss).