Patient demographics of smokers and non-smokers
| Smokers (n=18) | Non-smokers (n=108) | P values | |
| Age in years, M (SD) | 53.6 (11.0) | 58.7 (8.2) | 0.08 |
| Gender (%) | |||
| Male | 7 (38.9) | 76 (69.1) | 0.013* |
| Female | 11 (61.1) | 34 (30.9) | |
| Body mass index, M (SD) | 31.4 (6.8) | 29.4 (5.8) | 0.25 |
| Cuff tear index, M (SD) | 5.5 (4.6) | 3.6 (3.1) | 0.11 |
| Diabetic (%) | |||
| Yes | 3 (16.7) | 13 (11.8) | 0.56 |
| No | 15 (83.3) | 88.2 (97) | |
| Worker’s compensation (%) | |||
| Yes | 3 (16.7) | 5 (4.5) | 0.06 |
| No | 15 (83.3) | 105 (95.5) | |
| FCI | 1.8 (1.7) | 0.91 (1.1) | 0.04* |
| ASES | 42.1 (18.2) | 52.3 (18.3) | 0.04* |
| VAS Pain | 69.9 (22.8) | 52.8 (18.3) | 0.007* |
| WORC | 1386.4 (434) | 1213.2 (370) | 0.12 |
*Indicates p<0.05.
ASES, American Shoulder and Elbow Score; FCI, functional comorbidities index; M, mean; VAS, Visual Analogue Pain Score; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index.