Outcome measure | Intervention group | |
Placebo | Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid | |
Symptomatic GHJ flexion (measured in degrees) | ||
Baseline | 141.1 (134.2 to 148.0) | 140.4 (134.6 to 146.2) |
2 months | 144.5 (137.9 to 151.1) | 145.2 (139.1 to 151.3) |
3 months | 146.6 (142.0 to 151.2) | 152.8* (148.6 to 157.0) |
6 months | 150.6 (144.9 to 156.3) | 151.1 (145.6 to 156.6) |
12 months | 149.7 (144.9 to 154.5) | 151.7 (145.8 to 157.6) |
Symptomatic GHJ abduction (measured in degrees) | ||
Baseline | 134.6 (125.2 to 144.0) | 131.5 (122.6 to 140.4) |
2 months | 144.3 (137.4 to 151.2) | 138.1 (130.3 to 145.9) |
3 months | 140.4 (133.5 to 147.3) | 148.4* (144.0 to 152.8) |
6 months | 149.2 (142.9 to 155.5) | 148.1 (142.2 to 154.0) |
12 months | 146.1 (139.7 to 152.5) | 150.8 (145.3 to 156.3) |
Symptomatic GHJ external rotation (measured in cm) | ||
Baseline | 41.1 (39.2 to 43.0) | 39.3 (37.4 to 41.2) |
2 months | 41.4 (39.4 to 43.3) | 40.5 (39.0 to 42.1) |
3 months | 42.0 (39.6 to 44.4) | 41.9 (39.9 to 43.9) |
6 months | 42.4 (40.1 to 44.7) | 40.6 (38.2 to 43.0) |
12 months | 44.0 (42.0 to 46.0) | 42.4 (40.5 to 44.3) |
Symptomatic GHJ hand behind back (measured in cm) | ||
Baseline | 31.0 (27.6 to 34.4) | 30.8 (26.9 to 34.7) |
2 months | 28.3 (24.8 to 31.8) | 28.6 (22.9 to 28.7) |
3 months | 27.5 (24.0 to 31.0) | 25.8 (22.6 to 29.0) |
6 months | 26.2 (23.3 to 29.0) | 24.6 (22.4 to 26.8) |
12 months | 24.8 (21.2 to 28.4) | 23.4 (20.8 to 26.0) |
Symptomatic GHJ flexion strength (measured in pounds) | ||
Baseline | 21.6 (19.6 to 23.6) | 21.1 (17.7 to 24.5) |
2 months | 24.5 (22.1 to 26.9) | 22.8 (19.4 to 26.2) |
3 months | 25.2 (22.6 to 27.8) | 22.1 (18.5 to 25.7) |
6 months | 27.1 (24.4 to 29.6) | 26.4 (22.6 to 30.2) |
12 months | 26.6 (23.6 to 29.6) | 25.6 (27.2 to 29.0) |
Symptomatic GHJ abduction strength (measured in pounds) | ||
Baseline | 21.6 (18.6 to 24.6) | 19.3 (16.6 to 22.0) |
2 months | 25.7 (22.7 to 28.7) | 22.4 (19.2 to 25.6) |
3 months | 25.6 (22.3 to 28.9) | 22.3 (18.9\ to 25.7) |
6 months | 26.7 (24.1 to 29.3) | 24.9 (21.7 to 28.1) |
12 months | 27.6 (25.0 to 30.2) | 27.2 (23.7 to 30.7) |
Symptomatic full can strength (measured in pounds) | ||
Baseline | 9.4 (7.6 to 11.2) | 8.3 (6.4 to 10.2) |
2 months | 11.4 (9.4 to 13.4) | 10.2 (7.8 to 12.6) |
3 months | 12.2 (10.0 to 14.4) | 10.8 (8.1 to 13.5) |
6 months | 12.4 (10.3 to 14.5) | 11.7 (9.3 to 14.1) |
12 months | 13.0 (11.2 to 14.8) | 12.6 (10.2 to 15.0) |
Symptomatic empty can strength (measured in pounds) | ||
Baseline | 9.1 (7.6 to 10.6) | 7.5 (5.8 to 9.2) |
2 months | 11.8 (10.0 to 13.6) | 10.3 (8.1 to 12.5) |
3 months | 12.6 (10.7 to 14.5) | 9.9 (7.6 to 12.2) |
6 months | 13.1 (11.3 to 14.9) | 11.5 (9.3 to 13.7) |
12 months | 14.3 (11.5 to 17.1) | 12.8 (10.6 to 15.0) |
Symptomatic external rotation strength (measured in pounds) | ||
Baseline | 15.4 (13.3 to 17.5) | 12.7 (10.8 to 14.6) |
2 months | 16.8 (14.8 to 18.8) | 15.6 (13.2 to 18.0) |
3 months | 17.8 (15.5 to 20.1) | 16.2 (13.5 to 18.9) |
6 months | 18.7 (16.6 to 20.8) | 16.7 (14.3 to 19.1) |
12 months | 17.8 (15.9 to 19.7) | 18.7* (16.3 to 21.1) |
Symptomatic internal rotation strength (measured in pounds) | ||
Baseline | 19.2 (16.5 to 21.9) | 16.9 (14.3 to 19.5) |
2 months | 22.1 (20.1 to 26.1) | 19.1 (15.9 to 22.3) |
3 months | 23.8 (20.4 to 27.2) | 21.4 (17.5 to 25.3) |
6 months | 24.3 (20.8 to 27.8) | 20.7 (17.1 to 24.3) |
12 months | 24.6 (21.5 to 27.7) | 23.1 (19.4 to 26.8) |
Symptomatic elbow flexion strength (measured in pounds) | ||
Baseline | 26.7 (21.8 to 31.6) | 25.2 (20.4 to 30.0) |
2 months | 31.3 (26.7 to 35.9) | 29.4 (24.2 to 34.6) |
3 months | 32.9 (27.6 to 38.2) | 30.3 (24.1 to 36.5) |
6 months | 32.6 (27.9 to 37.3) | 33.0 (27.5 to 38.5) |
12 months | 33.3 (27.4 to 39.2) | 31.7 (26.3 to 37.1) |
Summary measures are means (95% CIs) analysed using independent samples t-test and between-group comparison by univariate analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline value, age, gender and body mass index.
*represents a statistically significant difference
GHJ, Gleno humeral joint.