Characteristics of included articles: outcomes
| Author (year) | Within-group changes | Between-group changes |
| Schmidt et al 27 (2013) δ | SBP: STG (12 weeks and 24 weeks) ↓5.8%*; CG ↔DBP: STG (12 weeks) ↓7.9%* and (24 weeks) ↓9.0%*; CG ↔VO2max: STG (12 weeks) ↑11.5%* and (24 weeks) ↑11.8%*; CG ↔ | SBP†DBP†VO2max (12 weeks and 24 weeks)† |
| Andersen et al 28 (2014)δ | VO2max: STG (12 weeks) ↑11.5%* and (24 weeks) ↑11.8%*; CG ↔FM: STG (12 weeks) ↓3.7%* and (24 weeks) ↓5.7%*; CG ↔%fat: STG (12 weeks) ↓3.3%* and (24 weeks) ↓4.9%*; CG ↔LBM: STG and CG ↔Leg BMD: STG and CG ↔ | VO2max (12 weeks and 24 weeks)†FM and %fat†LBM: ↔Leg BMD: ↔ |
| Schmidt et al 22 (2014) α | VO2max ø: STG (T4) ↑15.7%* and (T12) ↑17.1%*; RTG and CG ↔SBP/DBP: STG, RTG and CG ↔ | VO2max **‡ (in favour of STG)SBP/DBP: ↔ |
| Andersen et al 29 (2014)α | VO2max ø: STG ↑13.5%*; RTG and CG: ↔STSø: STG ↑29.4%*; RTG ↑26.3%*; CG ↔ | STS: STG†, RTG† |
| Helge et al 30 (2014)α | (R)FN BMD: STG (T4) ↔ and (T12) ↑3.7%*, ↑3.1%§; RTG and CG ↔(R)TH BMD: STG (T4) ↑1.0%* and (T12) ↑2.8%*, ↑1.8%§; RTG and CG ↔TB BMD: STG, RTG and CG ↔ | TB BMD: ↔ |
| Andersen et al 31 (2016)α | LBM: STG ↔, RTG (T4) ↑2.1%* and (T12) ↔, CG ↔FM and %fat: STG, RTG and CG ↔ | LBM (T4 and T12)‡ (in favour of RTG and CG) |
| Sundstrup et al 32 (2016)α | STSø: STG (T4) ↑27.0%* and (T12) ↑35.7%*, RTG (T4) ↑26.8%* and (T12) ↑18.6%*, CG ↔;SC: STG (T4) ↓7.4%* and (T12) ↓23.8%*, ↓17.7%§; RTG (T4) ↓5.8%* and (T12) ↓18.3%*, ↓13.3%§; CG ↔PB: STG, RTG and CG ↔ | STS: STG (T12)†SC: STG (T12)†; RTG (T12)† |
| Uth et al 33 (2014) γ | LBM: STG ↑0.5 kg *; CG ↔FM and %fat: STG and CG ↔1RM: STG ↑8.9 kg*; CG ↔STS: STG ↑1.4 reps*; CG ↔VO2max: STG ↑1.0 mL O2/kg/min*; CG ↔ | LBM: 0.7 kg†FM and %fat: ↔1RM: 6.7 kg†STS: ↔VO2max: ↔ |
| Uth et al 34 (2016)γ | (R)TH BMD: STG ↔; CG ↓0.8%*(R)FN BMD: STG and CG ↔LS BMD: STG and CG ↔LBM: STG and CG ↔FM: STG and CG ↔1RM: STG ↑12.5%*; CG ↑8.8%*STS: STG ↑10.4%*; CG ↔SC: STG ↓7.5%*; CG ↔PB: STG and CG ↔ | TH BMD†FN BMD: ↔LS BMD: ↔LBM: ↔FM: ↔1RM: ↔STS: ↔SC†PB: ↔ |
| Uth et al 35 (2016)γ | TB BMD: STG and CG ↔, legs BMD: STG and CG ↔PB: STG and CG ↔ | TB BMD: ↔, legs BMD: ↔PB: ↔ |
| de Sousa et al 36 (2014) β | VO2max ø: SDG ↑10%*; DG ↔FMø: SDG ↓3.4 kg*; DG ↓3.7 kg%*%fatø: SDG and DG ↔LBM: SDG and DG ↔ | VO2max‡ |
| de Sousa et al 37 (2017)β | VO2max ø: SDG ↑11.4%*; DG ↓5.7%*FMø: SDG ↓3.4 kg*; DG ↓2.7 kg*%fatø: SDG ↓~3%*; DG ↓~3%*LBM: SDG and DG ↔ | NR |
| Reddy et al 38 (2017) | SBP/DBP: STG and CG ↔%fat: STG and CG ↔PB: STG and CG ↔ | SBP/DBP: ↔%fat: ↔PB: ↔ |
α, β,γ,δ: studies based on the same trial; ø: variables reported with inconsistent data among articles from the same trial.
As trial results are described in more than one paper, the bolded study represents the first published paper from a given exercise trial.
*statistically significant from baseline.
†statistically significant from control group.
‡statistically significant from comparison group(s).
§statistically significant from 4 months.
↔, no change or no difference; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase; %fat, fat percentage; 1RM, 1-repetition maximum; BMD, bone mineral density; CG, control group; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DG, diet group; FM, fat mass; FN, femoral neck; LBM, lean body mass; LS, lumbar spine; NR, not reported; PB, postural balance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SC, stair climbing; SDG, soccer+diet group; STG, soccer training group; STS, sit-to-stand; R, right; RTG, resistance training group; T4, 4 months; T12, 12 months; TB, total body; TH, total hip; VO2max, maximum oxygen uptake.