Frequency (%) of injury location/type† | Frequency of matches ended by:* | |||||||
KO | TKO | Submission—choke | Submission—joint manipulation | Physician stoppage | Decision‡ | |||
Injury location | ||||||||
Head | 116 (71.6) | 21 | 78 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 1 |
Ocular | 7 (4.3) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
Upper extremity | 18 (11.1) | 0 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
Lower extremity | 14 (8.6) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
Other¶ | 7 (4.3) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Total | 162 (100.0) | 22 (13.6) | 83 (51.2) | 11 (6.8) | 13 (8.0) | 5 (3.1) | 26 (16.0) | 2 (1.2) |
Injury type | ||||||||
Concussion** | 101 (62.3) | 21 | 73 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Fractures | 9 (5.6) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
Injury†† | 46 (28.4) | 1 | 7 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 16 | 2 |
Lacerations | 6 (3.7) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
Total | 162 (100.0) | 22 (13.6) | 83 (51.2) | 11 (6.8) | 13 (8.0) | 5 (3.1) | 26 (16.0) | 2 (1.2) |
*Percentages are included in parentheses.
†There were 151 athletes and 162 injuries.
‡Defined as majority, split and unanimous decisions.
§Defined as corner stoppage, no contest and draw.
¶Defined as dental, torso and groin injuries and unspecified lacerations.
**Used KO/TKO as a surrogate for concussion.
††Defined as soft tissue injuries and unspecified injuries.
KO, knockout; mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury; MMA, mixed martial arts; TKO, technical knockout.