Table 1

Incidence of positive spine MRIs in athletes by sport

Sport

Total athletes

Athletes receiving spine MRIs

Positive spine MRIs

Frequency (positive MRIs/all spine MRIs)

Incidence

(positive MRIs/total athletes × 100)

Aquatics—diving

135

6

4

67

3.0

Aquatics—swimming

901

4

2

50

0.2

Aquatics—water polo

258

1

1

100

0.4

Archery

128

1

1

100

0.8

Athletics

2367

31

15

48

0.6

Badminton

172

1

0

0

0

Beach volleyball

96

1

0

0

0

Boxing

286

4

1

25

0.4

Canoe—sprint

248

1

0

0

0

Cycling—mountain biking

80

1

1

100

1.3

Equestrian

200

1

0

0

0

Fencing

204

2

1

50

0.5

Football

503

2

1

50

0.2

Gymnastics

322

6

1

17

0.3

Handball

335

2

2

100

0.6

Hockey

384

3

2

67

0.5

Judo

390

8

5

63

1.3

Rowing

546

3

1

33

0.2

Rugby

291

1

1

100

0.3

Sailing

380

2

2

100

0.5

Shooting

390

3

1

33

0.3

Table tennis

172

2

1

50

0.6

Tennis

199

2

1

50

0.5

Triathlon

109

1

1

100

0.9

Volleyball

288

3

1

33

0.3

Weightlifting

256

6

4

67

1.6

Wrestling

349

2

2

100

0.6

Others

1285

0

0

0

0

Total

11 274

100

52

52

0.5