Descriptive statistics (M, SD) and group differences calculated using GLM with age as a covariate
| G1: non-athletes <3 hours PA /week | G2: recreational athletes 3–10 hours PA /week | G3: regular athletes >10 hours PA /week | Analysis of group differences | |||||||||
| n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | df | F | ||
| Subjective disability (DISS) | ||||||||||||
| RSI-S | 223 | 13.6 | 11.7 | 266 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 48 | 8.3 | 10.4 | 3, 533 | 29.76** | G1 > (G2, G3) |
| RPI-SP | 237 | 13.1 | 8.6 | 279 | 8.8 | 6.4 | 51 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 3, 563 | 45.54** | G1 > (G2, G3) |
| RPI-SS | 198 | 11.2 | 8.1 | 222 | 8.1 | 6.9 | 39 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 3, 455 | 28.35** | G2<G3 |
| RPI-SSE | 174 | 12.4 | 10.3 | 214 | 9.7 | 7.9 | 36 | 10.3 | 9.2 | 3, 420 | 18.10** | G2<G3 |
| RPI-SME | 209 | 12.2 | 8.6 | 230 | 9.1 | 7.1 | 39 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 3, 474 | 29.43** | n.s. |
| Characteristic pain intensity (CPI) | ||||||||||||
| RSI-S | 232 | 25.4 | 13.0 | 274 | 18.8 | 11.9 | 50 | 18.1 | 14.3 | 3, 552 | 20.30** | G1 > (G2, G3) |
| RPI-SP | 226 | 26.2 | 11.8 | 267 | 20.2 | 10.8 | 48 | 18.1 | 11.9 | 3, 537 | 24.45** | G1 > (G2, G3) |
| RPI-SS | 240 | 24.8 | 11.6 | 280 | 19.4 | 10.6 | 51 | 17.9 | 12.5 | 3, 567 | 21.79** | G1 > (G2, G3) |
| RPI-SSE | 209 | 25.9 | 11.9 | 261 | 19.8 | 11.0 | 48 | 17.6 | 11.4 | 3, 528 | 20.97** | G1 > (G2, G3) |
| RPI-SME | 245 | 24.7 | 10.8 | 287 | 19.5 | 10.0 | 52 | 18. 3 | 10.6 | 3, 580 | 23.25** | G1 > (G2, G3) |
Group differences calculated with planned contrasts. ntotal =588 (9% regular athletes, 49% recreational athletes and 42% non-athletes).
GLMs, analyses of contrasts, statistically significant contrasts are reported.
*P<0.05; **P<0.01.
GLM, general linear model; PA, physical activity/exercise training; RSI, Risk Stratification Index; RPI, Risk Prevention Index—Social; RPI-SME, medical environment; RPI-SP, pain experience; RPI-SS, distress; RPI-SSE, social environment.