SCAT2 scores at baseline
| Baseline scores | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author and date, country | Participants | Symptom score (SD) (perfect score=no symptoms=22 points); symptom severity score (max=132) | BESS (Balance) total (SD) (perfect score=30 points) | SAC total (SD) (perfect score=30 points) | SCAT2 scores (SD) (perfect score=100) | ||||
| SCAT 2 scores: high schoolers | |||||||||
| Echlin, 2010, Canada | 67 male junior male hockey players 18.2 (1.2) years); 21 concussions medically observed during 51 games | 25.73 | 25.75 | ||||||
| Glaviano, 2015, USA | (n=361; 195m, 166f); private school, 9 different sports; grades 7–12; avg age 14.6 years | Symptom score avg 20.32 | Avg 26.88 | Avg 26.73; 12-year-olds had the lowest % of correct responses for 5 digit (46%), 6 digit (21%) and months backwards (67%) tasks | Avg 92.5 | ||||
| Males 20.6 (2.0); symptom severity males: 19.8 (3.9) | Females 20 (2.2); symptom severity females: 19.1 (3.8) | Males 26.6 (2.6) | Females 27.2 (2.3) | Males 26.6 (2.2) | Females 26.9 (2.0) | Males 92.0 (3.7) | Females 92.2 (3.8) | ||
| Jinguji, 2012* | (n=214; 155m, 59f); Seattle high school athletes and NW soccer camps | 19.75 (3.28) | 25.82 (3.45) | 25.52 (3.06) | 88.99 (7.96) | ||||
| Mayfield, 2013, USA (Subset of Valovich McLeod 2012) | (n=119; 102m, 15f, 2 gender missing); age 15.8 (1.2) years High school athletes participating in interscholastic contact sports | 16.4 (5.4) | 27.0 (3.4) | 26.6 (2.6) | 86.0 | ||||
| Snyder, 2014, USA | (n=761; 656m, 105f); 9–18 years. Students attended medical offices for qualifying physical exams | Ages 9–10=18.59 (4.5) | Ages 9–10=23.73 (3.57) | Ages 9–10=24.22 (2.61) | Ages 9–10=84.35 (7.55) | ||||
| Ages 11–12=19.09 (3.77) | Ages 11–12=25.03 (3.43) | Ages 11–12=25.26 (2.48) | Ages 11–12=87.25 (5.47) | ||||||
| Ages 13–14=19.85 (3.17) | Ages 13–14=24.86 (3.4) | Ages 13–14=24.7 (3.01) | Ages 13–14=87.35 (5.87) | ||||||
| Ages 15–16=20.28 (2.73) | Ages 15–16=25.28 (3.58) | Ages 15–16=25.26 (2.83) | Ages 15–16=88.77 (5.31) | ||||||
| Ages 17–18=20.42 (3.06) | Ages 17–18=25.4 (3.48) | Ages 17–18=25.47 (2.7) | Ages 17–18=89.43 (5.53) | ||||||
| Weighted average ages 9–18=19.85 | Weighted average ages 9–18=24.91 | Weighted average ages 9–18=24.95 | Weighted average ages 9–18=87.58 | ||||||
| Valovich McLeod, 2012, USA† | (n=1134; 872m, 262f); high school athletes | 16.9 (5.3) | 26.7 (2.9) | 26.5 (2.6) | 88.3 (6.8) | ||||
| Weighted averages‡ | 2589 (1980m, 607f)§ | 18.46 | 26.14 | 26.00 | 88.63 | ||||
| SCAT 2 scores: collegiate/university/adult non-collegiate | |||||||||
| Galetta, 2013, USA | (n=27) male professional ice hockey team, average age 28±5 | 22; severity score=0 | 28 (range 25–30) | ||||||
| Mrazik, 2013, Canada (SCAT2) | (n=125; 84m, 41f) undergraduates (95 collegiate athletes and 30 recreational athletes) (14 had concussion history, all more than 60 days previously) | Avg 17.81; Sport group: Team sport baseline: 18.6 (4.3) Individual sport: 16.7 (5.5) After Leger test: Team 13.5 (8.1), individual 7.6 (10.3) Fitness level: baseline High 19.2 (4.2), low 14.9 (5.2); After Leger test: high 12.9 (9.0), low 6.3 (9.4) | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
| Baseline males: 18.7 (4.1); After Leger 20 m shuttle-run test: 12.5 (8.1) | Baseline females: 16.0 (5.9); After Leger 20 m shuttle-run test: 7.5 (11.5) | ||||||||
| Putukian, 2015, USA | (n=263; 176m, 87f); of whom 178 reported no history of prior concussion; Princeton University athletes; average age 20.33 years | 20.52 (2.44); average symptom severity: 1.48 | 26.55 (3.21) | 28.05 (1.60) | 76.11 (4.85) (maximum score=83 because Glasgow Coma Scale and physical signs were not measured) | ||||
| Weber, 2013, USA | (n=32); average age 20.0 (1.4) years; Division I male collegiate wrestlers; tested at: (1) baseline (hydrated); (2) postpractice (dehydrated) | Symptoms baseline: 21.56 (1.24); postpractice: 16.97 (5.23) Symptom severity baseline: 20.97 (2.91); postpractice: 9.31 (13.80) | Baseline: 15.72 (5.09); postpractice; 18.81 (6.68) | Baseline: 27.72 (1.91); postpractice: 27.62 (2.00) | Baseline: 93.06 (3.88); postpractice: 87.94 (6.39) | ||||
| Zimmer, 2015 USA | (n=477; 332m, 145f); 18–23 years. A US National Collegiate Athletic Association Division | 20.25 (3.00); average 1.75 symptoms | 25.64 (4.07) | 27.17 (2.01) | 91.08 (5.60) | ||||
| Weighted averages‡ | n=924 (651m, 273f) | 20.09 | 25.54 | 27.51 | 91.20 | ||||
| SCAT 2 scores: mixed age samples | |||||||||
| Carson, 2014, Canada, SCAT2¶ | (n=159 patients with 170 sports-related concussions; 105 m, 65f); data presented for 159; no gender data; 41 elementary, 95 high school, 34 college/university students | Symptom severity scores 26.68 (22.83) | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
| King, 2012, New Zealand (SCAT2) | 50 amateur male rugby league players All players (n=50) 19.3 (4.0) years Premiers (n=25) 22.1 (3.5) Under 17 s (n=25) 16.4 (0.7) | PCSS (median, range) All players (n=50); median scores: physical, 0 (range 0–6); cognitive 0 (range 0–6); sleep 0 (range –2); emotional (range 0–5) | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
| Total | n=209 | ||||||||
| Total all ages | N=3597 | ||||||||
*Jingui 2012 reported the full data for the SCAT2: in addition to the above four results, he reported the physical signs score 2.00 (max 2.00), Glasgow Coma Scale 15.00 (max 15.00) and coordination 0.90 (max 1.00).
†Excludes Valovich McLeod as did not measure GCS and Physical Signs test.
‡Weighted averages computed according to numbers of participants.
§Reporting some or all elements of the SACT2.
¶Additional data from author; DOI, day of injury; the maximum possible total SCAT2 score=100 points.
BESS, Balance Error Scoring System; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scales; PCCS, Postconcussion Symptom Scale; SAC, Standardised Assessment of Concussion; SCAT, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool.