Participant characteristics, n=441
| 9 Years | 12 Years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n, %) | 210 | 47.6 | 210 | 47.6 |
| Female (n, %) | 231 | 52.4 | 231 | 52.4 |
| Body mass index (BMI) (mean, SD) | 17.9 | 2.8 | 20.5 | 3.8 |
| BMI z-score* (mean, SD) | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| Healthy weight (n, %) | 297 | 67.7 | 274 | 62.7 |
| Overweight† (n, %) | 80 | 18.2 | 82 | 18.8 |
| Obese† (n, %) | 62 | 14.1 | 81 | 18.5 |
| Stage of puberty‡ | – | – | 2.3 | 0.6 |
*z-Scores calculated relative to age-specific UK 1990 reference data.28
†Cut-points for population monitoring of overweight were used to categorise the children into healthy weight (<85th centile), overweight (≥85th <95th centile) or obese (≥95th centile). Overweight and obese categories were combined for this analysis.
‡Continuous scale from 1 to 4; prepubertal to postpubertal.