Depression (CES-D) and anxiety (GAD-7) score in top-level football players and in the general population
| Male | Female | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First league players | U-21 players | General population | First league players | General population | |
| CES-D, mean (SD) | n=182; 86.3%, 7.18 (4.75) | n=73; 93.6%, 9.89 (6.20) | n=394,29 6.6 (5.6) | n=177; 97.8%, 9.53 (5.67) | n=474,29 7.8 (6.8) |
| <16 | 170 (93.4%) | 62 (84.9%) | 363 (92.2%) | 154 (87.0%) | 416 (87.8%) |
| 16–21 | 10 (5.5%) | 8 (11.0%) | 20 (5.0%) | 15 (8.5%) | 36 (7.6%) |
| >21 | 2 (1.1%) | 3 (4.1%) | 11 (2.8%) | 8 (4.5%) | 22 (4.6%) |
| GAD-7, mean (SD) | n=198; 93.8%, 1.50 (2.15) | n=74; 94.9%, 2.31 (2.63) | n=2332,28 2.66 (3.24) | n=178; 98.3%, 2.79 (2.30) | n=2698,28 3.20 (3.52) |
| <10 | 196 (99.0%) | 72 (97.3%) | 94.0%* | 176 (98.9%) | 94.0%* |
| 10–14 | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (2.7%) | 4.7%* | 2 (1.1%) | 4.7%* |
| >14 | 1 (0.5%) | 0 | 1.3%* | 0 | 1.3%* |
CES-D, Centre of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder.