Table 1

The association between coaching methods and match attitudes and behaviours

	d	χ²	p Value	Cramer's V	τ-b	ASE	z Value
Individual one-one verbal instruction from coach
Doing what is practised	16	32.35	0.01	0.23	0.30	0.07	4.61
Proper technique	16	29.55	0.02	0.22	0.29	0.07	4.32
Bring down ball carrier at all cost	16	18.46	0.30	0.17	0.14	0.07	2.20
Own safety	16	34.75	0.00	0.24	0.20	0.07	3.01
Safety of ball carrier	16	21.99	0.14	0.19	0.16	0.07	2.46
Safety of both you and ball carrier	16	10.16	0.86	0.13	0.12	0.07	1.83
Putting in a ‘Big Hit’	16	19.20	0.26	0.18	0.18	0.07	2.66
Going for the ball only	16	31.06	0.01	0.22	0.25	0.06	3.98
Staying on your feet	16	31.76	0.01	0.23	0.33	0.06	5.57
Preventing the ball carrier from retaining possession	12	16.37	0.18	0.19	0.19	0.07	2.96
Preventing the ball carrier team from retaining possession	16	27.93	0.03	0.21	0.27	0.06	4.30
Verbal instruction to entire team
Doing what is practised	16	47.13	0.00	0.27	0.28	0.07	4.13
Proper technique	16	36.78	0.00	0.24	0.23	0.07	3.39
Bring down ball carrier at all cost	16	13.44	0.64	0.15	0.10	0.07	1.50
Own safety	16	32.63	0.01	0.23	0.26	0.07	3.95
Safety of ball carrier	16	16.18	0.44	0.16	0.17	0.07	2.67
Safety of both you and ball carrier	16	23.00	0.11	0.19	0.18	0.06	2.93
Putting in a ‘Big Hit’	16	9.58	0.89	0.12	0.07	0.06	1.06
Going for the ball only	16	25.42	0.06	0.20	0.24	0.06	3.75
Staying on your feet	16	26.57	0.05	0.21	0.29	0.06	4.62
Preventing the ball carrier from retaining possession	12	18.42	0.10	0.20	0.16	0.06	2.59
Preventing the ball carrier team from retaining possession	16	19.04	0.27	0.17	0.23	0.06	3.82
Individual one-one demonstration
Doing what is practised	16	62.63	0.00	0.32	0.27	0.07	4.22
Proper technique	16	41.59	0.00	0.26	0.29	0.07	4.28
Bring down ball carrier at all cost	16	33.14	0.01	0.23	0.22	0.06	3.44
Own safety	16	22.93	0.12	0.19	0.22	0.07	3.26
Safety of ball carrier	16	30.73	0.02	0.22	0.17	0.07	2.52
Safety of both you and ball carrier	16	29.96	0.02	0.22	0.18	0.07	2.56
Putting in a ‘Big Hit’	16	17.62	0.35	0.17	0.12	0.07	1.86
Going for the ball only	16	23.01	0.11	0.19	0.22	0.06	3.55
Staying on your feet	16	29.39	0.02	0.22	0.28	0.06	4.51
Preventing the ball carrier from retaining possession	12	16.67	0.16	0.19	0.15	0.07	2.26
Preventing the ball carrier team from retaining possession	16	24.76	0.07	0.20	0.24	0.06	3.75
Demonstration to team
Doing what is practised	16	45.14	0.00	0.27	0.26	0.07	3.76
Proper technique	16	50.42	0.00	0.29	0.30	0.07	4.54
Bring down ball carrier at all cost	16	28.89	0.03	0.22	0.16	0.06	2.46
Own safety	16	26.99	0.04	0.21	0.25	0.06	4.02
Safety of ball carrier	16	27.59	0.04	0.21	0.18	0.07	2.51
Safety of both you and ball carrier	16	18.69	0.29	0.17	0.19	0.07	2.94
Putting in a ‘Big Hit’	16	13.14	0.66	0.15	0.14	0.07	2.08
Going for the ball only	16	32.17	0.01	0.23	0.27	0.07	4.11
Staying on your feet	16	50.17	0.00	0.29	0.38	0.06	6.23
Preventing the ball carrier from retaining possession	12	16.55	0.17	0.19	0.16	0.07	2.38
Preventing the ball carrier team from retaining possession	16	21.06	0.18	0.18	0.23	0.06	3.68

Significant association p<0.05. Cramer's V or τ-b less than 0.2=weak, between 0.2 and 0.49=moderate, and 0.5 and higher=strong relationship.
|z|≥1.96 is significant at the p<0.05 level, |z|≥2.60 is significant at the p<0.01 level and |z|≥3.32 is significant at the p<0.001 level. d=degrees of freedom. ‘Big Hit’—a physically dominating tackle.