Mean (SD) data describing the ROM for each sequence
| Competitive (n=29) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spinal region | ROM (degrees) | CTPE | CBS | Training (n=14) |
| Cervical | Flexion | 16.6 (10.6) | 18.1 (9.3) | 11.1 (8.2) |
| Extension | 16.9 (11.2) | 17.8 (9.9) | 18.2 (5.5) | |
| Right side flexion | 20.8 (11.3) | 18.5 (9.8) | 16.1 (8.7) | |
| Left side flexion* | 19.1 (13.3)* | 19.5 (12.3)* | 9.9 (5.3)* | |
| Right rotation* | 24.9 (10.0)* | 20.9 (9.1) | 14.3 (9.7)* | |
| Left rotation | 14.8 (10.6) | 12.8 (7.8) | 17.4 (9.1) | |
| Upper thoracic | Flexion | 10.6 (5.4) | 8.9 (7.3) | 9.0 (5.4) |
| Extension | 25.1 (13.5) | 22.1 (10.0) | 13.6 (5.3) | |
| Right side flexion | 11.4 (6.8) | 10.6 (6.2) | 8.3 (5.0) | |
| Left side flexion | 15.8 (9.9) | 15.3 (11.8) | 9.2 (6.1) | |
| Right rotation | 10.7 (7.3) | 14.7 (12.5) | 10.6 (5.7) | |
| Left rotation* | 21.7 (10.8)* | 16.0 (9.6) | 12.0 (11.1)* | |
| Lower thoracic | Flexion | 5.1 (5.4) | 4.7 (6.6) | 4.0 (4.9) |
| Extension | 17.4 (10.3) | 16.0 (9.0) | 16.1 (6.3) | |
| Right side flexion | 7.6 (4.7) | 6.7 (4.0) | 8.5 (6.4) | |
| Left side flexion* | 16.6 (5.5)* | 15.3 (7.4)* | 8.0 (3.8)* | |
| Right rotation | 9.9 (7.2) | 14.0 (11.6) | 6.8 (3.7) | |
| Left rotation | 13.2 (6.8) | 12.0 (5.8) | 9.4 (6.5) | |
| Upper lumbar | Flexion | 43.1 (12.3) | 42.3 (11.0) | 42.4 (10.3) |
| Extension | 0.8 (3.0) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.8 (1.6) | |
| Right side flexion | 7.9 (6.0) | 7.2 (4.8) | 6.9 (6.1) | |
| Left side flexion | 10.9 (6.3) | 10.6 (6.3) | 7.6 (4.3) | |
| Right rotation | 13.5 (5.9) | 12.9 (7.9) | 9.7 (9.9) | |
| Left rotation | 7.7 (7.4) | 8.0 (6.8) | 6.4 (4.6) | |
| Lower lumbar | Flexion | 14.2 (12.5) | 16.1 (17.1) | 11.3 (12.0) |
| Extension | 9.8 (7.4) | 11.6 (9.1) | 9.9 (5.6) | |
| Right side flexion | 7.5 (5.1) | 9.4 (6.7) | 7.2 (6.3) | |
| Left side flexion | 8.3 (6.4) | 10.1 (9.0) | 7.9 (6.7) | |
| Right rotation | 12.6 (10.1) | 10.0 (10.9) | 10.1 (8.6) | |
| Left rotation | 11.9 (10.3) | 15.9 (12.0) | 10.0 (8.7) | |
*Statistically significant difference (p<0.05).
CBS, Crouch-bind-set; CTPE, Crouch-touch-pause-engage; ROM, range of motion.