Pain, disability, quality of life, isometric strength and endurance (mean±SD, 95% CI)
| Mean±SD, 95% CI | Percentage change | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 4 weeks | 16 weeks | 0–4 | 0–16 | 4–16 | |
| VAS | 4.5±2.2*† | 2.8±1.6‡ | 1.3±1.4 | −39 | −72 | −54 |
| ODI | 22.9±1.2*† | 13.4±9.1‡ | 5.4±5.7 | −42 | −76 | −60 |
| Euro-Qol | 0.7±0.2*† | 0.8±0.12‡ | 0.9±0.1 | +14 | +27 | +11 |
| IMTP (N/kg) | 23.5±4.3, 21.8 to 25.2 | 24.1±4.7, 22.23 to 25.9 | +3 | |||
| BS (s) | 89±43†, 72.1 to 105.3 | 94±38, 79.0 to 108.0 | 104±41, 88.9 to 120.3 | +5 | +18 | +12 |
Significant differences (p≤0.05).
*Between baseline and week 4.
†Between baseline and week 16.
‡Between weeks 4 and 16.
BS, Biering-Sorensen back extension endurance test; IMTP, Isometric mid-thigh pull; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.