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Original research
Rapid weight loss can increase the risk of acute kidney injury in wrestlers
  1. Tatjana Trivic1,
  2. Roberto Roklicer1,2,
  3. Natasa Zenic3,
  4. Toni Modric3,
  5. Aleksandra Milovancev4,5,
  6. Mirka Lukic-Sarkanovic4,6,
  7. Nemanja Maksimovic7,
  8. Antonino Bianco7,
  9. Attilio Carraro2,
  10. Patrik Drid1
  1. 1Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
  2. 2Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
  3. 3Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
  4. 4Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
  5. 5Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
  6. 6Intensive Therapy and Pain Therapy, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
  7. 7Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  1. Correspondence to Dr Patrik Drid; patrikdrid{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Objective Restrictive diets, forced starvation or voluntary weight loss are attracting more and more attention from scientists. Overall trends show that about 80% of combat sports athletes use specific methods of reducing body mass. Rapid weight loss could be a risk factor for kidney-related adverse outcomes. This study aimed to examine the impact of high-intensity specific training combined with rapid weight loss in the first and without rapid weight loss in the second phases on body composition and biochemical markers of kidney function.

Methods The study was conducted on 12 male wrestlers. Kidney function markers were measured, including blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid and serum Cystatin-C. Alterations in analysed markers were noted in both phases of the research.

Results According to the data, a significant increase was noted in blood urea nitrogen (p=0.002), uric acid (p=0.000) and serum creatinine (p=0.006) during the first phase in comparison with the second phase. The levels of serum Cystatin-C were slightly elevated after both phases compared with the initial measurement.

Conclusion It is evident that high-intensity specific training combined with rapid weight loss significantly affects the increase in kidney function markers compared with identical training without rapid weight loss. The findings in this study suggest that rapid body mass reduction is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury in wrestlers.

  • dehydration
  • martial arts
  • eating disorders

Data availability statement

Data are available on reasonable request. The datasets generated during and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001617

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    Data availability statement

    Data are available on reasonable request. The datasets generated during and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors TT, RR and PD conceived the study idea. AM, AB and AC processed and interpreted the data. TT, RR, AM, ML-S, NM and PD prepared the first draft of the manuscript. TT, RR, NZ, TM, AM, ML-S, NM, AB, AC and PD all contributed substantially to the manuscript’s revision before submission. PD is a guarantor for the work.

    • Funding The preparation of this paper was supported by the Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research, grant number (142-451-3098); Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Serbia.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.