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Review
Which parameters to use for sleep quality monitoring in team sport athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis
  1. João Gustavo Claudino1,2,
  2. Tim J Gabbett3,4,
  3. Helton de Sá Souza5,
  4. Mário Simim6,
  5. Peter Fowler7,8,
  6. Diego de Alcantara Borba9,
  7. Marco Melo10,
  8. Altamiro Bottino10,
  9. Irineu Loturco11,
  10. Vânia D’Almeida5,
  11. Alberto Carlos Amadio1,
  12. Julio Cerca Serrão1,
  13. George P Nassis12
  1. 1 School of Physical Education and Sport—Laboratory of Biomechanics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  2. 2 LOAD CONTROL, Contagem, Brazil
  3. 3 Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Australia
  4. 4 Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Brisbane, Australia
  5. 5 Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
  6. 6 Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
  7. 7 Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
  8. 8 Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
  9. 9 Department of Human Movement Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Ibirité, Brazil
  10. 10 Department of Physiology, São Paulo Futebol Clube, São Paulo, Brazil
  11. 11 NAR—Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
  12. 12 Independent Researcher, Athens, Greece
  1. Correspondence to João Gustavo Claudino; claudinojgo{at}usp.br

Abstract

Background Sleep quality is an essential component of athlete’s recovery. However, a better understanding of the parameters to adequately quantify sleep quality in team sport athletes is clearly warranted.

Objective To identify which parameters to use for sleep quality monitoring in team sport athletes.

Methods Systematic searches for articles reporting the qualitative markers related to sleep in team sport athletes were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science online databases. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. For the meta-analysis, effect sizes with 95% CI were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed using a random-effects model. The coefficient of variation (CV) with 95% CI was also calculated to assess the level of instability of each parameter.

Results In general, 30 measuring instruments were used for monitoring sleep quality. A meta-analysis was undertaken on 15 of these parameters. Four objective parameters inferred by actigraphy had significant results (sleep efficiency with small CV and sleep latency, wake episodes and total wake episode duration with large CV). Six subjective parameters obtained from questionnaires and scales also had meaningful results (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (sleep efficiency), Likert scale (Hooper), Likert scale (no reference), Liverpool Jet-Lag Questionnaire, Liverpool Jet-Lag Questionnaire (sleep rating) and RESTQ (sleep quality)).

Conclusions These data suggest that sleep efficiency using actigraphy, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Likert scale, Liverpool Jet-Lag Questionnaire and RESTQ are indicated to monitor sleep quality in team sport athletes.

PROSPERO registration number CRD42018083941.

  • actigraphy
  • questionnaires and scales
  • recovery
  • performance

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000475

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors PF, DdAB, MM, AB, IL and VDA analysed data and wrote the manuscript. JGC, TJG, HdSS, MS, ACA, JCS and GPN designed the study, collected and analysed the data, and critically reviewed the manuscript.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent Not required.