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2 TENDINopathy Severity assessment – Achilles (TENDINS-A): evaluation of reliability and validity in accordance with COSMIN recommendations
  1. Myles Murphy1,
  2. Fergus McCleary2,
  3. Dana Hince2,
  4. Ruth Chimenti3,
  5. Paola Chivers2,
  6. Turner Vosseller4,
  7. Sophia Nimphius1,
  8. Nonhlanhla Mkumbuzi5,6,
  9. Peter Malliaras7,
  10. Nicola Maffuli8,
  11. Robert-Jan De Vos9,
  12. Ebonie Rio10
  1. 1Edith Cowan University, Australia
  2. 2The University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia
  3. 3University of Iowa, USA
  4. 4Jacksonville Orthopaedic Institute, USA
  5. 5Northumbria University, UK
  6. 6Nelson Mandela University, South Africa
  7. 7Monash University, Australia
  8. 8University of Salerno, Italy
  9. 9Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
  10. 10La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Australia

Abstract

Introduction We evaluated construct validity (structural validity and hypothesis-testing) and reliability (test-retest reliability, measurement error and internal consistency) of the new TENDINopathy Severity assessment-Achilles (TENDINS-A), which is the only outcome measure with adequate content validity for assessment of disability in Achilles tendinopathy.

Materials and Methods Participants with Achilles tendinopathy completed an online survey: demographics, TENDINS-A, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) evaluated dimensionality. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) evaluated structural validity [Comparative Fit Index (CFI); Standardised Root Measure Square (SRMS)]. Correlations between TENDINS-A and the FAOS/VISA-A evaluated hypothesis-testing. Intraclass correlation co-efficient (ICC) represents test-retest reliability. Cronbach’s α represents internal consistency. Standard error of the measurement (SEM) represents measurement error.

Results Seventy-nine participants (51% female) with a mean (SD) age= 42.6 (13.0) years, height= 175.0 (11.7) cm and body mass= 82.0 (19.1) kg were included. EFA identified three meaningful factors, proposed to be pain, symptoms and function. The best model identified using CFA had adequate structural validity (CFI= 0.959, SRMS=0.068), excluded three items from the original TENDINS-A and included three factors (Pain, Symptoms, and Function). The TENDINS-A exhibited moderate positive correlation with FAOS (rho=0.598,p<0.001), and moderate, negative correlation with VISA-A (r=-0.639,p<0.001). Reliability of the TENDINS-A is excellent (ICC=0.930; Cronbach’s α=0.808; SEM=6.54 units).

Conclusions Our evaluation of the revised 10-item TENDINS-A has determined it has adequate validity and reliability. Thus, the TENDINS-A can be recommended for immediate use, being the preferred tool over all others to assess disability in Achilles tendinopathy.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-sportskongres2024.2

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