The advancement of acute care for persons with brain injury is predicated on the further clarification of the mechanical and biochemical processes that are begun at the time of the injury. Attempts to enhance survival and functional outcome have led to cerebral perfusion and intracranial pressure management techniques. In addition, novel neuroprotective pharmacotherapeutic strategies have been borne from an ever growing knowledge of the degradative biochemical injury that occurs subsequent to the initial insult. The link between the acute and rehabilitation phases of care continues to grow closer, thus compelling the rehabilitationist to be aware of the potential effect these processes and treatments have on outcome.