Tunnel widening in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective evaluation of hamstring and patella tendon grafts

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1999;7(3):138-45. doi: 10.1007/s001670050138.

Abstract

We report a prospective series evaluating the incidence and degree of tunnel widening in a well-matched series of patients receiving a hamstring or patella tendon graft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. We correlated tunnel widening with clinical factors, knee scores, KT-1000 and isokinetic muscle strength to determine the clinical significance of this finding. Seventy-three patients at least 12 months post-ACL reconstruction were evaluated. Thirty-eight patients had received a doubled semitendinous and gracilis graft and 35 a bone-patella tendon-bone graft. All patients underwent a similar endoscopic procedure and accelerated postoperative rehabilitation. Tunnel widening was determined using standardized anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X-rays adjusted for magnification. A limited series of MRIs was performed to validate these measurements. There was a significant difference in the degree of tunnel widening between the two groups. The mean increase in femoral tunnel area in the hamstring group was 100.4% compared with a decrease of 25% in the patella tendon group (P = < 0.0001). In the tibial tunnel the mean increase in the hamstring group was 73.9% compared with a decrease of 2.1% in the patella tendon group (P = < 0.0001). The MRIs validated the plain film measurements. Tunnel widening did not correlate with the clinical findings, knee scores, KT-1000 or isokinetic muscle strength. Tunnel widening is marked in the hamstring group. Tunnel widening does not correlate with instability or a poor clinical outcome in the short term. The long-term implications of this finding are still to be determined.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament / surgery*
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
  • Arthroscopy
  • Endoscopy
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Knee Injuries / diagnostic imaging
  • Knee Injuries / surgery*
  • Knee Joint / diagnostic imaging*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Muscle, Skeletal / transplantation*
  • Patella
  • Postoperative Complications / diagnostic imaging*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Radiography
  • Tendons / transplantation*