Clinical characteristics of the participants
| Male(n=596) | Female(n=802) | All(n=1398) | |
| Age (years) | 53.5 (13.2) | 53.3 (13.7) | 53.4 (13.5) |
| Weight (kg) | 84.7 (14.5) | 70.8 (13.4) | 76.8 (15.5) |
| Height (cm) | 177 (7) | 164 (7) | 170 (7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 (4.2) | 26.4 (4.8) | 26.7 (4.6) |
| Waist (cm) | 96.8 (12.3) | 86.8 (12.7) | 91.1 (13.4) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.36 (0.99) | 5.45 (0.96) | 5.41 (0.98) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.40 (0.33) | 1.65 (0.37) | 1.54 (0.38) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.29 (0.87) | 3.28 (0.85) | 3.29 (0.86) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.45 (0.88) | 1.12 (0.59) | 1.26 (0.74) |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 132 (16) | 130 (19) | 131 (18) |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 82 (10) | 79 (10) | 80 (10) |
| Smoking | 80 (13.4) | 95 (11.8) | 175 (12.5) |
| Diabetes | 41 (6.9) | 42 (5.2) | 83 (5.9) |
| Hypertension | 166 (27.9) | 213 (26.6) | 379 (27.1) |
| Antihypertensive medication | 142 (23.8) | 179 (22.3) | 321 (23.0) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 36 (6.0) | 19 (2.4) | 55 (3.9) |
| Heart failure | 9 (1.5) | 7 (0.9) | 16 (1.1) |
The values denote mean (SD) or number (%).
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.