Results of the Downs and Black21 methodological quality assessment ranked by overall quality percentage score
| Reporting | External validity | Internal validity (bias) | Internal validity (confounding) | Power | Total |
Question numbers | 1–7, 9, 10 | 11–13 | 14, 15, 17–20 | 21–26 | 27 |
|
Maximum score | 10 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 27 (%) |
PAL studies |
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|
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Grieco et al25 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 17 (63) |
Norris et al8 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 16 (59) |
Mullender-Wijnsma et al26 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 15 (56) |
Grieco et al30 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 14 (52) |
Lucht and Heidig24 (A) | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 13 (48) |
Lucht and Heidig24 (B) | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 13 (48) |
Graham et al28 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 11 (41) |
Mahar et al31 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 10 (37) |
Valle et al32 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 9 (33) |
Humphrey29 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 8 (30) |
CMB studies |
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|
|
|
|
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Schmidt et al33 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 18 (67) |
Howie et al34 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 17 (63) |
Howie et al35 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 17 (63) |
van den Berg et al36 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 15 (56) |
Kubesch et al37 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 14 (52) |
Ma et al38 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 13 (48) |
Hill et al39 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 12 (44) |
Ma et al40 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 11 (41) |
CMB, classroom movement break; PAL, physically active learning.