Clinical characteristics
| Characteristics | |
| Age | 42.95±0.37 |
| Sex (female %) | 46.1 (44.3–48.0) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.43±0.08 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 114.68±0.37 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 75.09±0.25 |
| Fasting glucose(mg/dL) | 96.84±0.56 |
| Fasting insulin (µIU/mL) | 7.99±0.16 |
| HbA1c (%, DCCT) | 5.56±0.03 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.14±0.05 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.51±0.83 |
| TG(mg/dL) | 140.53±3.06 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.65±0.29 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 115.79±0.73 |
| TG/HDL ratio | 3.98±0.17 |
| AST (IU/L) | 22.49±0.30 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 22.58±0.61 |
| Smoking, % Never | 52.9 (50.6–55.1) |
| Ex-smoker | 20.3 (18.6–22.0) |
| Current | 25.3 (22.5–28.4) |
| Alcohol (%) <1/month | 30.3 (27.1–33.9) |
| 1/month–1/week | 38.1 (34.8–41.5) |
| >2/week | 23.6 (20.9–26.6) |
| Exercise (%) | 52.9 (50.7–55.1) |
| Total energy intake (kcal) | 2251±28 |
| Carbohydrate intake (%) | 60.90±0.33 |
| Fat intake (%) | 20.21±0.24 |
Data are presented with survey means±SE for continuous variables and weighted percentages(95% CI) for categorical variables. Exercise(%) is defined as the percentage of people doing aerobic exercise based on whether a subject reports doing aerobic exercise more than 2.5 hours/week of moderate intensity or 1.25 hours/week of high intensity. Carbohydrate and fat intake (%) is shown as a percentage of total energy intake.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BP, blood pressure; DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial units; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides.