Means (95% CI) for extension strength (MVC), muscle soreness (VAS), C2C to CP2 ratio and logarithmised CK with results of repeated measures ANOVA for the placebo and leucine groups before and after treatment
| Before treatment | ||||||||
| Group | Variable | Pre | 0 hour | 3 hours | 24 hours | 48 hours | 72 hours | p Value |
| Placebo | MVC (Nm) | 209 (180 to 238) | 164 (136 to 192) | 172 (140 to 205) | 166 (134 to 199) | 186 (151 to 222) | 199 (163 to 234) | <0.001 |
| VAS (cm) | 0.04 (0.00 to 0.07) | 0.57 (0.02 to 1.12) | 0.98 (0.30 to 1.66) | 4.62 (3.45 to 5.80) | 4.76 (3.54 to 5.98) | 2.89 (1.78 to 4.00) | <0.001 | |
| C2C/CP2 (ratio) | 1.00 (1.0 to 1.0) | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.02) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.97) | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.03) | 0.96 (0.84 to 1.07) | 0.92 (0.72 to 1.11) | 0,002 | |
| CK (U/l) | 122 (85 to 158) | 139 (99 to 178) | 210 (154 to 266) | 421 (267 to 574) | 779 (−173 to 173) | 1202 (−875 to 3279) | <0.001 | |
| Leucine | MVC (Nm) | 204 (176 to 233) | 153 (128 to 178) | 153 (127 to 178) | 159 (132 to 186) | 179 (152 to 206) | 187 (159 to 215) | <0.001 |
| VAS (cm) | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.07) | 0.63 (0.02 to 1.12) | 0.88 (0.31 to 1.44) | 3.8 (2.70 to 4.89) | 5.06 (3.75 to 6.37) | 2.61 (1.54 to 3.68) | <0.001 | |
| C2C/CP2 (ratio) | 1.00 (1.0 to 1.0) | 0.89 (0.79 to 0.99) | 0.84 (0.74 to 0.94) | 0.85 (0.77 to 0.94) | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.04) | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.11) | 0,0436 | |
| CK (U/l) | 102 (83 to 121) | 125 (100 to 149) | 210 (158 to 262) | 357 (253 to 461) | 321 (128 to 515) | 820 (−193 to 1833) | <0.001 | |
| After treatment | ||||||||
| Group | Variable | Pre | 0 hour | 3 hours | 24 hours | 48 hours | 72 hours | p Value |
| Placebo | MVC (Nm) | 219 (185 to 253) | 178 (145 to 211) | 184 (150 to 218) | 192 (158 to 226) | 209 (174 to 243) | 221 (187 to 256) | <0.001 |
| VAS (cm) | 0.15 (0.01 to 0.29) | 0.4 (-0.09 to 0.89) | 0.83 (0.34 to 1.32) | 2.35 (1.32 to 3.38) | 2.9 (1.72 to 4.07) | 1.46 (0.77 to 2.16) | <0.001 | |
| C2C/CP2 (ratio) | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.17) | 0.84 (0.74 to 0.94) | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98 | 0.87 (0.76 to 0.97) | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.02) | <0.001 | |
| CK (U/l) | 123 (82 to 163) | 126 (88 to 164) | 170 (117 to 224) | 225 (147 to 304) | 159 (113 to 206) | 125 (87 to 162) | <0.001 | |
| Leucine | MVC (Nm) | 200 (170 to 230) | 163 (134 to 191) | 173 (143 to 203) | 180 (149 to 211) | 193 (163 to 224) | 200 (169 to 231) | <0.001 |
| VAS (cm) | 0.07 (0.01 to 0.12) | 0.59 (0.11 to 1.07) | 0.74 (0.35 to 1.13) | 2.39 (1.45 to 3.32) | 2.94 (1.99 to 3.88) | 1.26 (0.61 to 1.90) | <0.001 | |
| C2C/CP2 (ratio) | 1.04 (0.9 to 1.17) | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.09) | 0.91 (0.78 to 1.11) | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.09) | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.09) | 0.93 (0.79 to 1.06) | 0,0403 | |
| CK (U/l) | 93 (78 to 109) | 110 (91 to 130) | 141 (113 to 169) | 200 (153 to 245) | 138 (111 to 164) | 109 (87 to 130) | <0.001 | |
ANOVA, analysis of variance; C2C, type II collagen collagenase cleavage neoepitope; CK, creatine kinase; CP2, C propeptide of type II procollagen; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction; Pre, preintervention; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.