Barefoot on firm surface (control) | Cleats* on FieldTurf | Cleats* on firm surface | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M-BESS | M-BESS | M-BESS | |||||
Athletes, (n) | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
Gender (only soccer players) | |||||||
Male | 11 | 29.1 | 1.2 | 27.3† | 1.6 | 27.8‡ | 2.0 |
Female | 10 | 28.5 | 1.0 | 24.9† | 1.9 | 26.2† | 1.9 |
Players (only male players) | |||||||
Football§ | 39 | 28.2 | 1.6 | 26.4† | 2.0 | 26.4† | 2.2 |
Age (years) | |||||||
18–21 | 39 | 28.4 | 1.6 | 26.5† | 2.0 | 26.8† | 2.1 |
22–30 | 21 | 28.4 | 1.3 | 26.0† | 2.1 | 26.2† | 2.1 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||||
<25 | 24 | 28.8 | 1.2 | 26.1† | 2.1 | 26.8† | 2.0 |
25 to <30 | 24 | 28.4 | 1.4 | 26.5† | 2.1 | 26.4† | 2.3 |
≥30 | 12 | 27.8 | 1.9 | 26.3‡ | 1.9 | 26.5‡ | 2.1 |
Taping or braces¶ | |||||||
No | 51 | 28.6 | 1.3 | 26.5† | 2.0 | 26.9† | 2.0 |
Yes | 9 | 27.6 | 1.9 | 25.2† | 2.2 | 24.6† | 1.7 |
History of concussion | |||||||
No | 41 | 28.4 | 1.4 | 26.1† | 2.0 | 26.5† | 2.1 |
Yes | 19 | 28.5 | 1.6 | 26.8† | 2.1 | 26.9† | 2.3 |
History of lower limb injury | |||||||
No | 36 | 28.2 | 1.6 | 26.5† | 1.8 | 26.8† | 2.0 |
Yes | 24 | 28.8 | 1.2 | 26.1† | 2.4 | 26.3† | 2.3 |
p Values refer to differences from control M-BESS values.
*Wearing full protective equipment with cleats.
†Statistically different from control (p<0.01).
‡Statistically different from control (0.01≤p<0.05).
§Football players removed their helmets for the M-BESS evaluation.
¶Taping or bracing was only on the ankle/foot area during field testing.
M, mean.